Ubuntu lxc template. html>ve ​

$ sudo lxc-create -t download -n u1 -- -d ubuntu -r Aug 30, 2021 · The quick summary for this tutorial is: Download a base Ubuntu cloud image. Distributions also often provide backports of newer versions of LXC for their stable releases. hook. 04LTS) (admin): Linux Containers userspace tools (templates) [ universe ] 3. 0. However, we need version 16, so we are going lxc Public. . A number of extra software and repositories have been added. 04 doesn’t provide a deb yum package anymore, i was looking into how to create a template-based LXC container (-t template) if for some reason one did not want to do an image-based (-t download) build on Ubuntu 20. Regards. 3 days ago · The build themselves can be seen on our Jenkins server . Just thought I'd let you guys know. gz". There is no recent update for this package. Found 1 matching packages. 10. 04' bash: line 182: exit: A problem occured while trying to create container. once you start the new lxc. Ubuntu 20. distrobuilder Public. This will download a pre-created container from the lxc image repository. Convert it to a template. The following binary packages are built from this source package: lxc-templates Linux Containers userspace tools (templates) Jan 17, 2022 · Nach Grundinstallation eines LXC Containers mit dem Template ubuntu-22. So for example, with ubuntu or fedora container, if we want a Gui, we will have to install linuxcontainers. 5 days ago · cloud-init support in images ¶. For example if you use Alpine containers created with the Alpine template, you'll Distribution packages ¶. Jan 21, 2016 · By default LXC container templates are not available after installing Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE). 0 8 11 0 Updated last week. For example, LXC instances launch 94% faster when compared to KVM. In Incus, this image server is reachable through the "images LXC 3. 登录到创建的 LXC 容器中，根据需求安装需要用到的软件和配置进行初始化，可以参考 ubuntu-22-环境初始化. LXC can easily be installed on Ubuntu from upstream repositories using the following commands: sudo apt update && sudo apt install lxc. UPDATE : As Piter wrote "You don't even have to enter the bash-shell". Create a Proxmox VM using the image. Aug 11, 2023 · Downloading Alpine Linux LXC template: In newer versions of Proxmox (I’m using v8), the container template list only gives us version 18 of Alpine. If you gave it an ssh key during the setup of the lxc container or you add one later on, you'll see you can login using an ssh key to the Jun 17, 2017 · núcleo de instalação instantânea; núcleo de atualização instantânea erro: o sistema não é totalmente compatível com snapd: não é possível montar a imagem squashfs usando "squashfs": mount: Jul 11, 2024 · Publishing an instance or snapshot as a new image#. Creating a new LXC template is quite easy. What is Ubuntu-LXC-Terminalserver-Project? It’s a LXC template that you can easily use on e. An unprivileged LXC is one where the root user (uid 0) within the container is mapped to an unprivileged user in the host system, making it possible to run an LXC more securely. Template - select the Ubuntu-22. To create the container, use lxc-create command as shown below. Clone the template into a full VM and set some parameters. Click on your storage then click on the templates button. lxc_container: name: test-container-overlayfs container_log: true template: ubuntu state: started backing_store: overlayfs template_options:--release trusty clone_snapshot: true clone_name: test-container-overlayfs May 15, 2022 · A LXC container for a single light server application seems more appropriate than a VM, it is very efficient with a container running alpine linux and I don't encounter any malfunctioning despite the sharing of the host kernel (proxmox 7. g. For the moment, I'm just used with virtual machine based on KVM. Alternatively, the full path to an executable template script can also be passed as a parameter. exit. In this tutorial we learn how to install lxc-templates on Ubuntu 22. Linux Containers (LXC) is a userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features, providing a method for OS-level virtualization, using namespaces, cgroups and other Linux kernel capabilities (7) on the LXC host. 04-standard_20. Go 35 MPL-2. e. 04 template, but the upgrade did not work. dep: lxc (>= 1:3. lxc-create: No such file or directory - bad template: download. Search for the core template and click download. Most templates generate the filesystem by doing a full distribution bootstrapping on your local machine. 04 from the template and it works great! I wonder how to setup Ubuntu 20. Als erstes möchte ich den root per ssh zulassen und den Port von 22 auf 30022 verbiegen. Open this config and add: features: keyctl=1,nesting=1. Try it! - boospy/Ubuntu-LXC-Terminalserver-Project 4 days ago · List instance file templates Synopsis: Description: List instance file templates Options: Options inherited from parent commands: SEE ALSO: lxc config template- Manage instance file templates. . lxc - Just called lxc, this suite allows creating, starting and stopping (Ubuntu) containers and running commands in containers without ssh. What is lxc-templates. Feb 7, 2013 · lxc-ubuntu-x - focuses on flexible container generation based on existing containers and templates. 04 (or any other distro that doesn’t provide yum and /usr/share/doc/lxc-templates/README. Create a Container using lxc-create. Maybe it's time to go through and update all my stuff off 16. Sep 18, 2021 · LXC:網卡直通LXC. In a sense, one could compare LXC to QEMU, while comparing LXD to libvirt. 创建 CT 模板 清理容器 Apr 25, 2021 · I believe that in the newer (21. -name: Create an overlayfs container archive and clone it community. once you make your choice, remove/delete old desktop then set container as template in order to keep it to a small size. It's easy to control the system with webmin. Supports configuration of apt proxy. Incus provider for Terraform/OpenTofu. Check your current container configs to see if you have any includes pointing to files that don't exist (shipped by legacy templates). Debian. x/LXD) I scoured the web for an answer to this one, but couldn't come up with any reasonably non-hacky answer. Next step. Have you Jun 3, 2021 · -t, --template template 'template' is the short name of an existing 'lxc-template' script that is called by lxc-create, eg. If you create it the way you are trying to do, then the ubuntu template is trying to create a new container 13. I know this is a bit early and the version is not final, but i would like to start integrate our system and migration from older Ubuntu to this one, i have a working Ubuntu 20. Then you can attach to console (or ssh - if ssh installed and configured) lxc console first. 色々調べたが正直 Docker との違いはよく分からなかった。. pre-start for container "106". Jul 15, 2024 · How To Install LXC on Ubuntu. #adduser admin. #1. Insert specified inithooks. Instructions. Create a template for ubuntu, give it 100G of storage, 2 or 4 cpu (can change to what you want), specify the ip you want (ex: 192. Container imagesIf you’ve used LXC before, you probably remember those LXC “templates”, basically shell scripts that spit out a container filesystem and a bit of configuration. However I get the following output: sudo lxc-create -t download -n container-name. Introduction. May 8, 2023 · First you need to download an LXC template. Es ist keine Firewall auf Proxmox und container aktiviert. make. If you don’t have it yet, you can download it by going to Datacenter > pve > storage > CT templates > Templates and search for Debian 11 Bullseye. Jan 7, 2024 · 创建 LXC 容器. busybox, debian, fedora, ubuntu or sshd. Currently we are using LXC to deploy a web application, each time we deploy a new and separate container is freshly built. This LXC container config will be stored at: /etc/pve/lxc/100. Proxmox. An instance or one of its snapshots can be turned into a new image. CPU - set to 2 cores. Debian /usr/share/doc/lxc-templates/changelog. Is it possible to create an LXC container from iso file? Following points might give you better context about what I want. lxc exec first -- /bin/bash. I now have an iso file which I want to use as an LXC template. lxc_init: 845 Failed to run lxc. lxc config template create [< remote >:] < instance > < template > [flags] Options inherited from parent commands ¶ -- debug Show all debug messages -- force - local Force using the local unix socket - h , -- help Print help -- project Override the source project - q , -- quiet Don 't show progress information -- sub - commands Use with help here are the steps : Part A: setting the template. 04 LTS Kernel: Linux 5. , br0, natbr0, none). I see that first we have to use a template by OS. org is the umbrella project behind Incus, LXC, LXCFS, Distrobuilder and more. 10 template). With it you get a ready to use graphical LXC container with a LXQT interface. 4-3ubuntu1: amd64 arm64 armhf ppc64el riscv64 s390x Apr 20, 2022 · Apr 20, 2022. 0-33-generic Architecture: x86-64 but, for example, on centos 7 it works as expected, Static hostname: will be ololololo . Therefore I wanted to apt install ubuntu-desktop (also tried xubuntu-desktop) the missing parts for a desktop session. Linux Containers userspace tools (templates) dep: lxc (>= 1:3. Supports configuration of network link (e. Part A: setting the template. C 4,545 1,114 153 4 Updated 5 days ago. 5 days ago · See for more information. for UBUNTU-MATE desktop use the May 4, 2024 · Updated LXC Template List |unable to create CT 123 - unsupported Ubuntu version '24. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. It also provides an API to allow higher level managers, such as LXD, to administer containers. SSH login as root is disabled as default. 0 or 4. SSH login as root USING A PASSWORD is disabled by default. To create an instance, go to the section and click . 10/24), provide a gateway or leave it DHCP and check the IP on the LXC container terminal. According to the Ubuntu Server Guide, there should be a -t download template option for the lxc-create command. General - set your host name. In this tutorial we learn how to install lxc-templates on Ubuntu 20. create a template for ubuntu, give it 4G of storage, 2 cpu (can change to what you want), specify the ip you want (ex: 192. LXC 3. 2. To use cloud-init, you must base your instance on an image that has cloud-init installed: All images from the ubuntu and ubuntu-daily image servers have cloud-init support. 4. LXD is a more intuitive and user-friendly tool aimed at making it easy to work with Linux containers. Description. Alternatively, use the Proxmox gui to enable these options. In this example, we are using lxc-centos template to create a CentOS container. –t option indicates the template that is used to create the container. Nov 21, 2022 · Yes. Hello, I begin to interest to LXC Container as I could use it on Proxmox. 初始化 LXC 容器配置. Login with the username “root” and the password you chose earlier. x, whereas this one is about LXC 2. conf file exists) and it will build everything that is required for the LXC template. tar. Install sudo apt install -y lxc lxc-templates check the LXC using the following command: lxc-checkconfig Create LXC Container LXC comes with lots of ready-made templates. 04-1 und den anschließenden Updates, läuft der ssh dienst nicht so wie ich es erwarte. 04 LTS require special handling to integrate properly with cloud-init, so that lxc exec 2 days ago · LXD and LXC are two distinct implementations of Linux containers. Changelog. Part C: You can use/try a different desktop environment than xfce4, after all this is the beauty of LXC. terraform-provider-incus Public. LXC:Proxmox VE 7. So, as you can see, LXC provides a significant boost in performance by reducing the resource load and latency. before turning the new container to a template try different desktop environments. conf into container for preseeding. 04-standard_22. In local (hostname) drive, select CT Templates, and click Templates button Select Ubuntu-22. 04 image templates are now available for LXC containers. 168. The above command will install lxc package and all dependencies required then configure a default container network. TASK ERROR: startup for container '106' failed. The goal is to offer a distro and vendor neutral environment for the development of Linux container technologies. List of programs still needing to be Mar 25, 2021 · Follow the Proxmox docs to create an unprivileged LXC container, either through the web UI or using the shell. 04LTS) (admin): Linux Containers userspace tools (templates) [universe] 3. LXD (pronounced lex-dee) is the lightervisor, or lightweight container hypervisor. 1. The container is based on Ubuntu 14. gz Create template. __lxc_start: 2034 Failed to initialize container "106". Additionally, LXC containers load much faster than virtual emulators backed by hypervisors. It's an adapted Ubuntu with x2go-Terminalserver and Webmincontrol. In order to enable templates for Ubuntu, Joomla, OwnCloud, WordPress or OpenVPN run the following command on your host’s console. focal (20. 04 CT we just downloaded. 0 相關的中英文文件還真的有點難找。 趕快簡單筆記一下。 [2/21 lxd 教學文 也寫好囉！] 首先大致按照 lxc 官網文件 或 ubuntu 的 lxc 文件 做。 在 lubuntu 18. Paste the following command: Now we need to add Docker’s official GPG key: And now we can install the Docker repository: Finally, we can install Docker itself: Suggest changes ›. DAB for LXC in PVE 4+ DAB can now be used to create LXC templates where the SSH keys are regenerated at creation / cloning time. Download the Turnkey Core template. You can find more details on lxc config template delete [< remote >:] < instance > < template > [flags] Options inherited from parent commands ¶ -- debug Show all debug messages -- force - local Force using the local unix socket - h , -- help Print help -- project Override the source project - q , -- quiet Don 't show progress information -- sub - commands Use with help -t template 'template' is the short name of an existing 'lxc-template' script that is called by lxc-create, eg. To clean up the directory execute the following command. Mar 14, 2024 · Compared to KVM, LXC reduces the latency to 57%. It consists of tools ( lxc-* commands), templates, and library and language bindings. This will make sure our new system is up to date and secure. 10-standard_18. Refer to the examples in /usr/share/lxc/templates for details of the expected script structure. After your image is downloaded it will show up in the CT Templates folder of the local drive. Aug 14, 2023 · Dear community, I’ve now updated my Ubuntu-LXC-Terminalserver-Project and finally published the whole project on Github. In the following command: –n option indicates the container name. Exact hits Package lxc-templates. 0 安裝 OpenWRT for LXC 版本. Our focus is providing containers and virtual machines that run full Linux systems. This is achieved by establishing a mapping between a range of UIDs and GIDs on the host to a different (unprivileged) range of UIDs and GIDs in the container. Each deployment is taking longer and longer as apt-get update/upgrade Jul 16, 2024 · lxc config template create [< remote >:] < instance > < template > [flags] Options inherited from parent commands ¶ -- debug Show all debug messages -- force - local Force using the local unix socket - h , -- help Print help -- project Override the source project - q , -- quiet Don 't show progress information -- sub - commands Use with help Jun 7, 2023 · Download LXC Template. Nov 28, 2017 · (Please note that this question is about LXC 1. When it's done you can click the "Create CT" button in the upper right Aug 24, 2021 · LXC is an operating-system-level virtualization method for running multiple isolated Linux systems on a control host using a single Linux kernel. Install some packages into the image. This makes it easy to run and manage applications. Should an image regress in some way, images of the past 3 days are kept available. LXC is included in most Linux distributions. LXC というのは Docker のように Linux 上で他の Linux を動かすしくみだ。. While VMs supply a complete environment, system Mar 31, 2023 · LXC or Linux Containers, on the other end, is a lightweight virtualization technology that enables you to create and run multiple isolated virtual environments on a single Linux system. 1. 04-1_amd64. 4-3ubuntu1: amd64 arm64 armhf ppc64el riscv64 s390x This will bring up the Create: LXC Container. lxc-templates is: Containers are insulated areas inside a system, which have their own namespace for filesystem, network, PID, IPC, CPU and memory allocation and which can be created using the Control Group and Namespace features included in the Linux kernel. In Proxmox, click the Create CT button, upper right General tab: Set Hostname = plexserver Jan 10, 2020 · 100% of one CPU core usage in LXC container by systemd-journald process in recent Ubuntu LXC templates The symlink I made from /dev/console to /dev/kmsg causes a infinite loop in systemd which tries to read from kmsg and write to console (this problem wouldn’t have occured on a non-lxc setup). I would prefer using the Debian template rather than the Ubuntu one but am now concerned that all is not well with it BTW: This template was downloaded from the Proxmox repository. There are 2 option to download container template from Proxmox, either via WebUI or using pveam on command line: Jan 9, 2021 · Step 2 – Installing Pi-Hole in your new Proxmox Linux Container. Click on your newly created container and then click “Console”. Log of User Namespaces IRC chat on Feb 7, 2013. passwd ubuntu. 4. May 9, 2019 · For the most part, it's recommended to use the 'download' template to create containers, i. Enter the hostname for you CT or container, then fill out your root password, finish by clicking Next. 0 161 14 0 Updated 3 weeks ago. Apr 27, 2020 · In the following command, –name, –template and –bdev are passed to lxc-create, while –release is passed to the template: lxc-create --template ubuntu --name c1 --bdev loop -- --release DISTRO-SHORT-CODENAME. Is there any way to do so? Thanks for your help. 3. On the resulting screen, optionally enter a name and description for the instance. Issue and “apt update” followed by an “apt upgrade” command. What I am looking for is an approach to fashion an existing template a way I'd like to. 04 release version, it is not up to date. In the following command, –name, –template and –bdev are passed to lxc-create, while –release is passed to the template: lxc-create --template ubuntu --name c1 --bdev loop -- --release DISTRO-SHORT-CODENAME. You can obtain help for the options supported by any particular container by passing –help and the template name to lxc-create May 11, 2019 · I installed Ubuntu 20. conf. Alternatively, the full path to an executable template script can also be passed as a Jul 16, 2024 · The container archive will be compressed using gzip. An LXC is a lightweight way to run a virtualized Linux system. However, images for Ubuntu releases prior to 20. In essence, user namespaces isolate given sets of UIDs and GIDs. This is done on the CLI with lxc publish. 04, after selecting the image click download. x has major changes which can and will break your current setup. To install Docker, we start by going inside the container: Now we can follow the normal Docker installation instructions. For anyone else stumbling on this thread via search: SSH login as root is NOT disabled by default. You can obtain help for the options supported by any particular container by passing –help and the template name to lxc-create You have searched for packages that names contain lxc-templates in all suites, all sections, and all architectures. 10-2_amd64. LXC is a low-level user space interface for the Linux kernel containment features. In most cases installing it is as simple as selecting it in your package manager. x will NOT ship with legacy container templates. LXC (lex-see) is a program which creates and administers “containers” on a local system. 04 based on standard 20. 04-standard template, and Download; At the TASK OK message, close the popup [X] at upper right; Create LXC Container. Miscellaneous info. 04 底下， sudo apt install lxc lxc-utils 安裝兩個套件。 This is a LXC-Template witch can be use what ever you like. 這兩天想學陽春版 lxc， 發現 lxc 3. LXC:將特權 LXC 轉換為 非特權 LXC 並開機使用 (ZFS Only) LXC:掛載 iSO 至檔案系統. list: Add the following sources: Ubuntu-22. After downloading all packages and extracting them, apt starts to set up the packages Linux Containers. 2-1~exp+1) Linux Containers userspace tools rec: bridge-utils Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge lxc config template show [< remote >:] < instance > < template > [flags] Options inherited from parent commands ¶ -- debug Show all debug messages -- force - local Force using the local unix socket - h , -- help Print help -- project Override the source project - q , -- quiet Don 't show progress information -- sub - commands Use with help or Mar 17, 2023 · As per title, Ubuntu 24. Go 553 Apache-2. Alternatively, the full path to an executable template script can also be passed as a lxc config template edit [< remote >:] < instance > < template > [flags] Options inherited from parent commands ¶ -- debug Show all debug messages -- force - local Force using the local unix socket - h , -- help Print help -- project Override the source project - q , -- quiet Don 't show progress information -- sub - commands Use with help or Nov 25, 2010 · pveam update pveam available pveam download local ubuntu-18. Log in as root and edit Source. 04) template no desktop is installed (also the template size is much smaller compared to the 20. 1 debian kernel 5. Each container in LXC will have its own network, file system, and processes. Mar 3, 2021 · Stack Exchange Network. Then click to select the image to be used for the instance. You never must use the terminal. LXC was the first runtime to support unprivileged containers after user namespaces were merged into the mainline kernel. 04 desktop (w/GUI) as container ? In general all LXC Container are Jan 27, 2016 · 2. it seems that this template is always minimal. Apr 19, 2023 · LXC というコンテナ技術について調べている。. : lxc-create -t download -n ubuntu01 -- -d ubuntu -r eoan -a arm64. Since Ubuntu 20. Alternatively, the full path to an executable template script can also be passed as a Jul 1, 2024 · Running Docker on a Linux Container (LXC) Again, it is recommended by the Proxmox team to use a VM as opposed to an LXC for long-term stability, though many have used LXC containers and experienced no issues. Content: Overview Command line Kali LXD container on Ubuntu host Gui Kali LXD container on Ubuntu host Privileged Kali LXC container on Kali host Unprivileged Kali LXC container on Kali host References Overview Kali Linux containers are the ideal solution to run Kali Linux within other Linux distributions provide isolated environments for development or testing activities without the overhead We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Example LXC settings. Jun 1, 2022 · With CT Templates open select the image that you plan on using for this guide I will be using Ubuntu 22. Depending on the selected image, you might be able to select the (container or virtual machine). Images are published after basic automated functionality testing. The name of the bridge is lxcbr0: Among many other uses, LXC containers are often found in Proxmox virtualization environments. : numeric argument required Apr 30, 2020 · Gilbert_Standen (Gilbert Standen) April 30, 2020, 7:52am 1. See Download templates (Video). 04. When doing this, you will most likely first want to cleanup metadata and templates on the instance you’re publishing using the lxc config metadata and lxc config template commands. 04, but the problem is that the template seems to be based on the 14. LXC:一鍵下載最新版本 LXC 模板. You may want to look for that, especially if your distribution doesn't include LXC 5. general. Since I plan on using this container as a JellyFin server, my hostname is JellyFin. lxc (7) is considered something in the middle between a chroot and a full-fledged virtual machine. 04 for Docker, however, you can really use any distribution that you’d Apr 27, 2020 · In the following command, –name, –template and –bdev are passed to lxc-create, while –release is passed to the template: lxc-create --template ubuntu --name c1 --bdev loop -- --release DISTRO-SHORT-CODENAME. Other versions of "lxc-templates" in Noble No other version of this package is available in the Noble release. The process below will utilize an LXC container and Ubuntu 22. Linux:apt-cacher-ng / apt-mirror Server 安裝. Code: run_buffer: 571 Script exited with status 255. gz /usr/share/doc/lxc-templates/copyright /usr/share/lintian/overrides/lxc Apr 1, 2016 · This is the fifth blog post in this series about LXD 2. 端的には、LXC が init を動かすのに対して. After creating container "first" need set password for user "ubuntu". You can obtain help for the options supported by any particular container by passing –help and the template name to lxc-create Jul 3, 2020 · Static hostname: test-1 Icon name: computer-container Chassis: container Virtualization: lxc Operating System: Ubuntu 20. Please note that this will also remove the LXC Package lxc-templates focal (20. 04lts finally Eh maybe wait a few more months. 04-LXC-Desktop. In LXC, this image server can be used by selecting the "lxc-download" template. 04 LXC containers fail to boot after upgrade. LXC - Linux Containers. Th […] Introduction. 2-1~exp+1) Transitional package - lxc -> lxc-utils rec: bridge-utils Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge rec: busybox-static Standalone rescue shell with tons of builtin utilities rec: cloud-image-utils cloud image management utilities or cloud-utils Jun 24, 2015 · I'm running Ubuntu 12. ) This appliance includes all the standard features in TurnKey Core, and on top of that: Includes TurnKey LXC template : Download and create a container of any TurnKey appliance. Disks - Disk size set to 8gb. The easiest way to get LXC container template in Proxmox VE is by using their provided images which queried from linuxcontainers and TurnKey Linux. System container image builder for LXC and Incus. Just execute the following command (inside the folder in which the Makefile and dab. Apr 23, 2015 · 1. Set a root password, uncheck 'Unprivileged Container'. I like using debian as the base image since it’s very lightweight and it’s where Ubuntu is based from. To setup and install Docker in a Proxmox LXC Conainer, you will have to download the Turnkey Core template to your storage. lxc-templates - Linux Containers userspace tools (templates) Containers are insulated areas inside a system, which have their own namespace for filesystem, network, PID, IPC, CPU and memory allocation and which can be created using the Control Group and Namespace features included in the Linux kernel. pveam update You will find the templates right on your local storage > content > templates. 以 Ubuntu 容器为例进行模板的创建，在 PVE 控制页面创建一个 LXC 容器并启动. In order to work with 'dab', basic Linux knowledge is needed. Linux Containers userspace tools (templates) dep: lxc-utils Linux Containers userspace tools rec: bridge-utils Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge -t,--template template 'template' is the short name of an existing 'lxc-template' script that is called by lxc-create, eg. I have created my own distro by following " How to create customized ubuntu servier iso ". lxc exec first -- passwd ubuntu. Get the LXC Guest IP inside the guest: VMID=`hostname -I` LXC ID Mapper; Get VMID within Debian/Ubuntu LXC Guest; Updates -t, --template template 'template' is the short name of an existing 'lxc-template' script that is called by lxc-create, eg. 20/24), provide a gateway. Just type in "pveam update" and "pveam download local ubuntu-20. Aug 14, 2017 · Aug 14, 2017. Is there any other trusted Debian direct repository where LXC templates can also be downloaded from instead of manually having to build my own one? Thanks Werner Jun 28, 2023 · Option 1: Import Container Template From Proxmox. np bd jh dg of gc xv jg ve lo